From a small blue tent pitched outside the UK’s Foreign Office, Sanaa al-Seif has been leading a one-woman protest in a bid to secure her brother’s release from an Egyptian jail as the Arab state prepares to host global leaders at the COP27 summit. Like many Egyptians, she is hoping that the climate conference, which opens in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh on Sunday, will provide a rare chance to shine an international spotlight on the country’s dire human rights record. “COP is an opportunity when eyes will be on Egypt — an opportunity to speak up and get some breathing room,” said Seif, surrounded by portraits of her incarcerated brother, Alaa Abdel Fattah. “It could save lives if the spotlight on the human rights conditions keeps escalating, and if governments put it in their engagement with Egyptian authorities.” Abdel Fattah is one of the highest profile political prisoners among thousands detained by President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s regime since the former army chief seized power in a 2013 coup. And the attention his case has garnered in the lead-up to COP27 underscores how concerns over human rights threaten to cast a shadow over the summit. Sanaa’s protest, and Abdel Fattah’s imprisonment, has already drawn the attention of climate activists — Greta Thunberg was among those who have visited her tented sit-in in a show of solidarity. Dozens of British MPs have also raised his case in recent weeks, while 15 Nobel literature prize winners have lobbied for leaders to use the summit to address the issue of Egypt’s political prisoners. Some activists say the scrutiny that has accompanied COP27 has already caused the regime to at least signal that it is sensitive to outside criticism ahead of the summit. Hossam Bahgat, the head of the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, an independent Cairo-based advocacy group, said the government had released more than 800 political prisoners this year and also pledged to establish a political dialogue with civil society and opposition parties. Those moves indicate a tentative shift for a government that is widely described as the country’s most autocratic in decades.