Programming - Programming (Visual Studio.NET C#, C++; Perl) - Annotation languages (XML, XSL) - Ontologies (OWL, OIL, RDF) Natural language processing - Statistical machine translation - Text processing: POS tagging, tokenization, lemmatization, named entity recognition, chunking - Intelligent prediction of user input for mobile devices - Grammar parsers Data Mining - Data preprocessing: stemming, stop word filtering, word cohesion measures, string similarity measures - Clustering: singular value decomposition, support vector machines Speech processing - Text-to-speech synthesis - Speaker verification and identification (text dependent or text independent) - Speech recognition