Exact tasks vary according to the specialisation. However, common activities for most photographers include: working with clients to discuss the images they require and how they want to use them; seeking out appropriate photographic subjects and opportunities; carrying out research and preparation for a shoot; working in different locations and in different circumstances to get the right image; using an extensive range of technical equipment, including cameras, lenses, lighting and specialist software; communicating with photographic subjects, putting them at ease, encouraging them and directing them; arranging still life objects, products, scenes, props and backgrounds; liaising with other professionals, including graphic designers, writers, gallery managers, picture researchers, commissioning editors and art directors; managing the processing and use of images, discussing technical problems, checking for quality and dealing with clients' concerns; preparing proofs for approval; compiling finished products for sale, such as albums and framed prints; understanding traditional film and digital photography and keeping up to date with industry trends, developments and new techniques; developing expertise with software to digitally enhance images by, for example, changing emphasis, cropping pictures, correcting minor faults or moving objects around; managing the business aspects of the work, including administration, scheduling work, invoicing and basic accounting; developing a good portfolio, building a network of contacts and achieving a reputation for quality and reliability in order to secure future assignments; self-marketing by, for example, producing business cards, postcards and promotional materials and creating and maintaining a website. Many graduates start out as a photographer's assistant, spending a great deal of time on routine administration and helping out around