• Fungi " fungi are organisms with branched structures that do not carry out the process of photosynthesis, the unit of their bodily structure is the hyphae, they are cylindrical structures that may be divided by transverse barriers with a diameter of 2-10 micrometers and the barriers contain holes that allow the passage of nuclei and Cytoplasm and the divided hyphae are characteristic of high-end fungi," as for what distinguishes undivided hyphae is that the cellular compact in them is characterized by containing a single cytoplasm with multiple nuclei.
• Hyphae are grouped in structures called mycelium or mat, and mycelium hyphae are characterized by vegetative hyphae that absorb vegetative substances and another aerobic group is the testicular hyphae responsible for the reproduction process.
• The bodies of fungi vary greatly in size and shape, from a single cell that can only be seen with a microscope to the huge naked bodies that represent the fungal body.
• Fungi are primitive, simple plants that belong to some division systems belonging to the Triassic division, which includes, in addition to fungi, most mosses and lichens, and Triassic in general are simple plants that do not have stems, leaves or roots and are free of chlorophyll and their cells are surrounded by cell walls composed of cellulose, chitin or both and produce spores capable of sexual and asexual reproduction.
• Fungi are either deadly poisonous and pathogenic, parasitic or edible, but we will specialize in researching edible fungi that can be consumed by humans for the purpose of nutrition.
• It is an edible spore fruit that grows either above or below the ground and is characterized by the absence of toxic substances with harmful effects on humans and an acceptable taste, taste and aroma, one of the types of edible mushrooms:

* Button mushrooms

* Oyster mushrooms

* Volvarella mushrooms or Chinese mushrooms

• Tricholoma matsutake mushroom

* Honey mushrooms.

• Jet mushrooms.

Nutritional value of mushrooms/

* Contains a high percentage of mineral salts, higher than meat and twice as much as vegetables.

* It contains a high percentage of protein, two times more than lard and potatoes, four times more than carrots and tomatoes and six times more than oranges.

* B B d D .

* Tryp trypsin..

* Produces useful substances such as antibiotics and immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine.

Production of edible mushrooms.

Bis a. Bisporus 9 is a 90% straw-Straw composting fertilizer.

 When fungi grow on the surfaces of food media, they produce colonies that are distinguished in terms of size, texture and color .as well as their granular nature, which helps to mix the vaccine with the nutrient medium, and the production steps are as follows:

1. Sp ( spoan) .

2. Substrate (solid substrate) 6 60-70 1 15.

3- compost

4- covered with Peat chalk .

5- Compost (fertilizer)  7 70-80 - heating, stirring,  humidity =55% .

6- after 9-12(mo) fruiting bodies are produced. 

 the diagram  shows that process.