1. Geometric layout of roads 2. Structural/pavement design for roads 3. Water network layout and design 4. Sewer network layout and design 5. Storm water runoff modelling and determination 6. Sizing and design of storm water networks 7. Sizing of culverts 8. Research on general requirements 1. Geometric layout is the road alignment in 3 dimensions both horizontal and vertical.  It includes curves, width, radii, elevation, etc. 2. Structural/pavement design is the design of the road layers to accommodate the stresses and strains of the loading (traffic and other) to which it will be subjected over a defined design period. 3. Water network design is done according to the requirements of the relevant authorities regarding pressures, material, sizes, fir requirements etc.  Layouts can be modeled on CAD and hydraulic CAD add-on's. Design and modelling utilises various software utilities such as Epanet and other. 4. Sewer layout and design is a demanding challenge to minimise the impact of pollutants on the environment. Sewer design also includes waste and dirty water scenarios As with with water network design various tools and methodologies are used of which EPAnet, SWMM and GIS databases are the most used. . Polutant levels are modelled by using SWMM and various programs from the USA. 5. Hydrological and stormwater modelling are conducted according to the specific project and requirements of the client.  Hydrological modelling usually require the utilisation of more than one methodology and cross checking the results. methodologies and programs include but is not limited  to the following: rational method, unit hydrographs, maximum flood, statistical methods, SWMM, HEC-RAS, empirical methods etc. CAD and GIS databases are used to store data and spatial information. 6. Storm water networks are designed on the same basis as sewer or water network and many methodologies and programs are common to all. Both o