Circuit simulations are an easy, powerful way to “check your work”. You can also play “what if” – trying different values of components to see what effect they have on circuit operation. As you do that, try to predict, based on your knowledge of circuits, what the circuit behavior will be.

We didn’t talk about the full range of components available on simulators like TINA-TI, but they’re fairly extensive. As you might expect, these free simulation programs have available integrated circuits that the company providing the simulator makes and not necessarily other manufacturers’ parts. However, this is generally not a serious limitation if you’re just starting since most manufacturers will have a wide selection of op-amps and other basic building block parts.

some software is in an account.

• Proteus.
• Multisim
• LT SPICS
• kiel software