Research is a systematic process of investigating a specific topic to discover new information, verify existing knowledge, or solve a problem. It involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data using various methodologies to reach conclusions.
Key Aspects of Research
1. Objective and Purpose
Research is driven by a clear objective, such as understanding a phenomenon, developing new theories, or improving existing solutions. It can be classified into fundamental (theoretical) research or applied (practical) research.
2. Methodology
Research follows a structured approach, including qualitative methods (e.g., interviews, observations) and quantitative methods (e.g., surveys, experiments, statistical analysis). The chosen methodology depends on the nature of the study.
3. Data Collection and Analysis
Researchers gather data from various sources, such as primary data (direct observations, experiments) and secondary data (books, articles, reports). Data is then analyzed using appropriate tools and techniques to draw meaningful conclusions.
4. Findings and Interpretation
After analysis, researchers interpret the results to support or refute hypotheses. Findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge and may lead to further research questions.
5. Documentation and Reporting
Research is documented in the form of reports, articles, or theses, following a structured format that includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Proper citation and referencing ensure credibility.
Types of Research
Descriptive Research – Focuses on describing characteristics of a phenomenon.
Exploratory Research – Investigates a new or unclear topic to gain insights.
Experimental Research – Tests hypotheses through controlled experiments.
Correlational Research – Examines relationships between variables.
Longitudinal Research – Studies changes over time.