✅ JavaScript / TypeScript Backend
Node.js + TypeScript
Framework: NestJS / Express / Fastify
Database: PostgreSQL / MongoDB
ORM: Prisma / TypeORM
API: REST or GraphQL
✅ Python Backend Stack
⭐ Django
Python + Django
PostgreSQL
Django ORM
Redis
⭐ FastAPI
Python + FastAPI
Pydantic validation
Async APIs
✅ Java Backend Stack
Java + Spring Boot
Hibernate (JPA)
PostgreSQL / Oracle DB
Kafka
Docker
✅ .NET Backend Stack
C# + ASP.NET Core
Entity Framework Core
SQL Server / PostgreSQL
Azure Cloud
✅ Go (Golang) Backend Stack
Go
Gin / Fiber frameworks
PostgreSQL
Redis
gRPC APIs
✅ Ruby Backend Stack
Ruby + Rails
PostgreSQL
Sidekiq (background jobs)
Redis
✅ Rust Backend
Rust + Axum / Actix
PostgreSQL
Tokio async runtime
⭐ Databases
PostgreSQL (industry favorite relational DB)
MySQL
MongoDB (NoSQL)
Redis (cache/session store)
⭐ API Styles
REST (still dominant)
GraphQL (client-driven APIs)
gRPC (microservices)